Using satellite imagery (Sentinel-2 and Landsat) and historical climate data, pasture health and carrying capacity were assessed. The NDVI analysis showed that pasture quality varies seasonally, with peak health during the wet season (May–October). Carrying capacity maps indicated that the state’s pastures can support up to 1.5 million cattle annually, with the highest capacity in the southern regions. However, overgrazing risks were identified in some areas, necessitating rotational grazing practices and pasture restoration programs.