Niger State covers a vast geographical expanse with diverse ecological zones, primarily dominated by the Northern Guinea Savannah, interspersed with pockets of Sudan Savannah. Agaie, covering 1980.143 sq km, falls within the Northern Guinea Savannah, characterized by moderate rainfall and fertile soil, making it suitable for mixed farming. Agwara, with 143.437 sq km under the Sudan Savannah, is drier and experiences lower rainfall, while another portion of Agwara, spanning 1390.757 sq km, lies within the Northern Guinea Savannah, benefiting from better vegetation and more favorable climatic conditions.

Bida, covering 53.784 sq km, is one of the smallest LGAs in terms of land area and falls within the Northern Guinea Savannah, making it ideal for agricultural activities. Borgu, with a significant landmass of 2692.679 sq km under the Sudan Savannah, experiences arid conditions, while its larger portion of 9009.866 sq km lies in the Northern Guinea Savannah, providing better conditions for livestock and crop farming. Bosso, which spans 1573.183 sq km, also falls within the Northern Guinea Savannah, characterized by rolling grasslands and moderate forest cover.

Chanchaga, covering just 65.408 sq km, is one of the most urbanized parts of Niger State and lies within the Northern Guinea Savannah. Edati, with 940.488 sq km, shares similar ecological characteristics, offering fertile land for agriculture. Gbako, covering 1808.705 sq km, and Gurara, spanning 1168.754 sq km, both fall within the Northern Guinea Savannah, benefiting from moderate rainfall and a diverse ecosystem. Katcha, which extends over 1704.380 sq km, has a similar ecological setting, supporting both subsistence and commercial farming.

Kontagora, covering 1843.638 sq km, is part of the Northern Guinea Savannah and experiences a balance of dry and wet conditions, making it suitable for both crop and livestock farming. Lapai, spanning 3122.010 sq km, and Lavun, covering 2677.845 sq km, both lie within this ecological zone and are known for extensive agricultural activities. Magama, with 4218.699 sq km, and Mariga, covering 6013.707 sq km, are among the larger LGAs, offering vast land resources for agricultural expansion. Mashegu, which is the largest LGA in Niger State with 9642.880 sq km, is entirely within the Northern Guinea Savannah, making it a significant area for farming and grazing.

Mokwa, covering 5473.718 sq km, Muya, spanning 2163.073 sq km, and Paikoro, with 2160.650 sq km, are all part of the Northern Guinea Savannah, characterized by moderate temperatures and productive land. Rafi, covering 3824.509 sq km, also benefits from this ecosystem, supporting both arable and livestock farming. Rijau, with a smaller land area of 511.217 sq km in the Sudan Savannah, experiences drier conditions, while a much larger portion of Rijau, spanning 2747.885 sq km, lies within the Northern Guinea Savannah, offering better agricultural potential.

Shiroro, one of the largest LGAs with 5430.129 sq km, falls entirely within the Northern Guinea Savannah, with a mixture of forests, savannah grasslands, and riverine areas. Suleja, which covers only 133.395 sq km, is one of the most urbanized areas, benefiting from its proximity to Abuja while maintaining its ecological classification under the Northern Guinea Savannah. Tafa, covering 249.536 sq km, and Wushishi, with 1875.434 sq km, are also within this ecological zone, contributing to Niger State’s overall agricultural productivity.

The spatial distribution of land and ecological zones in Niger State highlights the dominance of the Northern Guinea Savannah, which supports a wide range of agricultural activities. The presence of Sudan Savannah in certain LGAs such as Agwara and Rijau signifies a transition towards drier conditions, requiring adaptive farming techniques. Understanding these ecological variations is crucial for sustainable land use planning, climate resilience, and agricultural development across the state.